Local Complications of Breast Surgery during Pregnancy and Lactation

During pregnancy and lactation, breast vascularity increases and edema occurs in the breast. As a consequence, rate of complications of breast biopsy and surgery like bleeding, infection, delayed healing and wound dehiscence is expected to be higher. Milk fistula is a rare event that may complicate surgery or needle biopsy of the breast in a breastfeeding woman, or in late stages of pregnancy. Suppression of lactation has been proposed in the literature as both a preventive and a therapeutic step. However, the advantages of nursing for both mother and child are numerous, and the author do not propose it as a preventive measure nor as a must in treatment of milk fistula. Prevention and management of milk fistula are discussed in this chapter.