Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and+294T/C PPAR-δ Polymorphisms and Association with Metabolic Traits in Teenagers from Northern Mexico

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma 2 and +294T/C PPAR-delta have been associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high body mass index (BMI). We compared metabolic traits and determined associations with Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma 2 or +294T/C PPAR-delta polymorphism among teenagers from different ethnicity. Four hundred and twelve samples with previous biochemical and biometric measurements were used. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed by end-point PCR for Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma 2. The +294T/C PPAR-delta PCR product was also digested with Bsl I. Two genotype groups were formed: major allele homozygous and minor allele carriers. Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma 2 G minor allele frequencies were: 10% in Mestizo-1, 19% in Mestizo-2, 23% in Tarahumara, 12% in Mennonite, and 17% in the total studied population. The +294T/C PPAR-delta C minor allele frequencies were: 18% in Mestizo-1, 20% in Mestizo-2, 6% in Tarahumara, 13% in Mennonite, and 12% in the total studied population. Teenagers with PPAR-gamma 2 G allele showed a greater risk for either high waist/height ratio or low high-density lipoprotein; and, also had lower total cholesterol. Whereas, PPAR-gamma 2 G allele showed lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z-score) frequency, PPAR-delta C allele was a risk factor for it. Metabolic traits were associated with both PPAR polymorphisms.