The article gives the research results concerning the basic structural elements and the kind of bonding among the elements of the particleboards. The investigation was carried out by using the scanning electron microscopy. The following facts have been found: Manufacture of wood particles by means of chipping machines is accompanied by a considerable destruction of wood structure. There occur the failures of parenchyma, the libriform fibres and tracheids. Due to this fact, the mechanical strength of the particles obtained is considerably lower than that of the wood, from which the particles were obtained. The cured substance in a particleboard represents a unit including hollows and ruptures rather than a monolithic substance. The hollows and ruptures decrease its mechanical strength. The cured substance of the bonding agent has a good adhesion to wood particles. The destruction of wood particles with the bonding agent being spread over their surface has a mixed or adhesion and cohesion character.