The addition of red lead to flat plate and tubular valve regulated miners cap lamp lead-acid batteries

被引:6
|
作者
Ferg, EE
Loyson, P
Poorun, A
机构
[1] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Chem, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
[2] Willard Batteries, ZA-6000 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
关键词
lead-acid battery; valve regulated; miner's cap lamp battery; red lead;
D O I
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.04.029
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The study looked at the use of red lead in the manufacturing of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) miners cap lamp (MCL) batteries that were made with either flat plate or tubular positive electrodes. A problem with using only grey oxide in the manufacture of thick flat plate or tubular electrodes is the poor conversion of the active material to the desired lead dioxide. The addition of red lead to the initial starting material improves the formation efficiency but is considerably more expensive thereby increasing the cost of manufacturing. The study showed that by carefully controlling the formation conditions in terms of the voltage and temperature of a battery, good capacity performance can be achieved for cells made with flat plate electrodes that contain up to 25% red lead. The small amount of red lead in the active cured material reduces the effect of electrode surface sulphate formation and allows the battery to achieve its rated capacity within the first few cycles. Batteries made with flat plate positive electrodes that contained more that 50% red lead showed good initial capacity but had poor structural active material bonding. The study showed that MCL batteries made with tubular positive electrodes that contained less than 75% red lead resulted in a poorly formed electrode with limited capacity utilization. Pickling and soaking times of the tubular electrodes should be kept at a minimum thereby allowing higher active material utilization during subsequent capacity cycling. The study further showed that it is beneficial to use higher formation rates in order to reduce manufacturing time and to improve the active material characteristics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:428 / 439
页数:12
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [11] The monitoring system of valve regulated lead-acid batteries BMS
    Kaniewski, R
    Kotz, F
    TELESCON 2000: THIRD INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY SPECIAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, 2000, : 323 - 326
  • [12] Estimation of the lifetimes of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Tsujikawa, Tomonobu
    Matsushima, Toshio
    Yabuta, Kaho
    Matsushita, Takashi
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2009, 187 (02) : 613 - 619
  • [13] Thermal runaway of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Hu, Junmei
    Guo, Yonglang
    Zhou, Xuechou
    Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2006, 36 (10): : 1083 - 1089
  • [14] Factors influencing oxygen recombination at the negative plate in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Li, ZH
    Guo, YL
    Wu, LZ
    Perrin, M
    Doering, H
    Garche, J
    JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2002, 149 (07) : A934 - A938
  • [15] New developments in separators for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Böhnstedt, W
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 1999, 78 (1-2) : 35 - 40
  • [16] Essential characteristics for separators in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    McGregor, K
    Ozgun, H
    Urban, AJ
    Zguris, GC
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2002, 111 (02) : 288 - 303
  • [17] Integral condition monitor for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Stevenson, P
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2005, 144 (02) : 513 - 520
  • [18] Techniques for jar formation of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Weighall, MJ
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2003, 116 (1-2) : 219 - 231
  • [19] Saturation influences on the performance of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
    Culpin, B
    Peters, K
    JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2005, 144 (02) : 313 - 321
  • [20] Study on the harmless treatment of valve regulated lead-acid batteries in substations
    Li, Dongmei
    Xu, Yanli
    Zhao, Guangjin
    Wang, Yongwei
    Guo, Yang
    ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1-3, 2012, 217-219 : 801 - 804