Rheological characterization of a solder paste for surface mount applications

Solder pastes used in surface mount soldering techniques (SMT) are very complex suspensions containing high volumes of metallic powder in a carrier fluid. The rheological complexity results largely from the carrier fluid itself, which is a suspension of colloidal particles. In this work, we have characterized the rheological properties of a typical carrier fluid and its solder paste containifig 64 vol.% metallic powder. A six-blade-vane geometry was used to avoid wall slip and sample fracture. All measurements were carried out following pre-shearing and rest time in order to obtain reproducible results. Steady shear experiments showed that the solder paste was highly shear-thinning ixotropic. In oscillatory shear, the linear viscoelastic domain was found to be very narrow for both the suspending fluid and the paste. Frequency sweep tests in the linear domain revealed a gel-like structure with a nearly constant G' for the suspending fluid and a slightly increasing G' for the solder paste. From creep experiments, a yield stress of about 40 Pa was determined for the suspending fluid at temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees C, and of 100 Pa at 4 degrees C. A much larger yield stress, 480 Pa, was determined for the solder paste at 25 inverted perpendicular C.