Corneal Repair and Regeneration: Current Concepts and Future Directions

被引:122
作者
Mobaraki, Mohammadmandi [1 ]
Abbasi, Reza [1 ]
Vandchali, Sajjad Omidian [1 ]
Ghaffari, Maryam [1 ]
Mortarzadeh, Fathollah [1 ]
Mozafari, Masoud [2 ]
机构
[1] Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Biomat Grp, Tehran, Iran
[2] Iran Univ Med Sci, Fac Adv Technol Med, Dept Tissue Engn & Regenerat Med, Tehran, Iran
关键词
cornea; tissue engineering; wound healing; regenerative medicine; biomaterials; immune privilege; angiogenesis; limbus; SERUM EYE DROPS; OSTEO-ODONTO-KERATOPROSTHESIS; CHITOSAN-BASED HYDROGELS; ENGINEERED CELL SHEETS; EPITHELIAL STEM-CELLS; MATRIX THERAPY AGENT; AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE; OCULAR SURFACE; SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATION; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES;
D O I
10.3389/fbioe.2019.00135
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The cornea is a unique tissue and the most powerful focusing element of the eye, known as a window to the eye. Infectious or non-infectious diseases might cause severe visual impairments that need medical intervention to restore patients' vision. The most prominent characteristics of the cornea are its mechanical strength and transparency, which are indeed the most important criteria considerations when reconstructing the injured cornea. Corneal strength comes from about 200 collagen lamellae which criss-cross the cornea in different directions and comprise nearly 90% of the thickness of the cornea. Regarding corneal transparency, the specific characteristics of the cornea include its immune and angiogenic privilege besides its limbus zone. On the other hand, angiogenic privilege involves several active cascades in which anti-angiogenic factors are produced to compensate for the enhanced production of proangiogenic factors after wound healing. Limbus of the cornea forms a border between the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, and its limbal stem cells (LSCs) are essential in maintenance and repair of the adult cornea through its support of corneal epithelial tissue repair and regeneration. As a result, the main factors which threaten the corneal clarity are inflammatory reactions, neovascularization, and limbal deficiency. In fact, the influx of inflammatory cells causes scar formation and destruction of the limbus zone. Current studies about wound healing treatment focus on corneal characteristics such as the immune response, angiogenesis, and cell signaling. In this review, studied topics related to wound healing and new approaches in cornea regeneration, which are mostly related to the criteria mentioned above, will be discussed.
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页数:20
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