Association of the Cannabinoid Receptor Gene (CNR1) With ADHD and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

被引:83
作者
Lu, Ake T. [2 ]
Ogdie, Matthew N. [2 ]
Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta [3 ]
Moilanen, Irma K. [4 ]
Loo, Sandra K. [1 ,5 ]
McCracken, James T. [5 ]
McGough, James J. [5 ]
Yang, May H. [1 ]
Peltonen, Leena [6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ]
Nelson, Stanley F. [2 ]
Cantor, Rita M. [1 ,2 ]
Smalley, Susan L. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
[4] Univ Oulu, Clin Child Psychiat, Oulu, Finland
[5] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[6] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England
[7] Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med Finland, Helsinki, Finland
[8] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland
[9] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA
关键词
genes; attention; association; post-traumatic stress disorder;
D O I
10.1002/ajmg.b.30693
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder affecting some 5-10% of children and 4-5% of adults. The cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) is a positional candidate gene due to its location near an identified ADHD linkage peak on chromosome 6, its role in stress and dopamine regulation, its association with other psychiatric disorders that co-occur with ADHD, and its function in learning and memory. We tested SNP variants at the CNR1 gene in two independent samples-an unselected adolescent sample from Northern Finland, and a family-based sample of trios (an ADHD child and their parents). In addition to using the trios for association study, the parents (with and without ADHD) were used as an additional case/control sample of adults for association tests. ADHD and its co-morbid psychiatric disorders were examined. A significant association was detected for a SNP haplotype (C-G) with ADHD (P = 0.008). A sex by genotype interaction was observed as well with this haplotype posing a greater risk in males than females. An association of an alternative SNIP haplotype in this gene was found for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (P=0.04 for C-A, and P = 0.01 for C-G). These observations require replication, however, they suggest that the CNR1 gene may be a risk factor for ADHD and possibly PTSD, and that this gene warrants further investigation for a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:1488 / 1494
页数:7
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