A Leasing-based Spectrum Sharing Framework for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) is a form of dynamic spectrum management that can be programmed and configured intelligently to optimize the use of spectrum resources. In this paper, a decentralized scenario of spectrum leasing has been investigated through negotiation between the PU and SU networks. We propose a pricing-based spectrum leasing framework between the PU and a certain number of SUs, which allows the Pu and SUs to enhance their network performances, and additionally PUs maximize their respective monetary gains. The spectrum leasing problem can be depicted by a non-cooperative game where: on one hand, the PU plays the seller and attempts to maximize its own utility by setting the price of spectrum. On the other hand, SUs (the buyers) have two possible strategies, either to accept the leasing offer or to reject it, while maximizing their utilities. The game Nash Equilibria for both pure and mixed strategies is investigated. Some adaptive learning schemes are introduced aiming to enable cognitive agents to learn their optimal actions and rewards. Numerical investigations illustrates the accuracy of convergence of the proposed schemes.