Advances in the Production and Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements

A study was conducted to report advancements in the production and chemistry of the heaviest elements. The study dealt with the latest advancements in the synthesis, chemical characterization, and theoretical studies of the heaviest elements. The heaviest stable known nucleus had been reached with 208Pb and all isotopes of heavier elements, including some elements such as Bi, Th, and U were found in nature as remnants of the last nucleosynthesis process. These isotopes of heavier elements were radioactive and decay preferentially by successive α-particle and β-particle emissions back to the last stable element Pb. Accurate calculations of properties of the heavier transactinide elements and their compounds were possible due to the latest developments in relativistic quantum theory, computational algorithms, and techniques.