Contractile Properties of Intrapulmonary Airway Smooth Muscle in Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Many patients with CF have asthma-like symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness, which are potentially associated with altered airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility. Our goal in this study was to assess the contractility of the CF intrapulmonary ASM. ASM strips were dissected from human control and CF intrapulmonary airways, and assessed for methacholine-induced shortening velocity, maximal force, and stress. We also assessed isoproterenol responses in maximally methacholine-contracted ASM. ASM strips were then incubated for 16 hours with IL-13 and measurements were repeated. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression was assessed by Western blotting. Airways were immunostained for morphometry. ASM mass was increased in CF airways, which likely contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness. Although ASM contractile properties were not intrinsically different between patients with CF and control subjects, CF ASM responded differently in the presence of the inflammatory mediator IL-13, showing impairment in beta-adrenergic-induced relaxation. Indeed, the percentage of relaxation measured at maximal isoproterenol concentrations in the CF ASM was significantly lower after incubation with IL-13 (46.0% +/- 6.7% relaxation) than without IL-13 (74.0% +/- 7.7% relaxation, P = 0.018). It was also significantly lower than that observed in control ASM incubated with IL-13 (68.8% +/- 4.9% relaxation, P = 0.048) and without IL-13 (82.4% +/- 9.9%, P = 0.0035). CF ASM incubated with IL-13 also expressed greater levels of MLCK. Thus, our data suggest that the combination of an increase in ASM mass, increased MLCK expression, and inflammation-induced beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness may contribute to airway dysfunction in CF.