A computational method for wide-azimuth 3D dip-angle gathers using Gaussian beam migration

The dip-angle-domain common-image gather (DDCIG) is a key tool to separate the diffraction and reflection imaging results. Reflectors with different spatial geometries produce different responses in DDCIGs. Compared with Kirchhoff migration, Gaussian beam migration (GBM) is more effective and robust to overcome the multipathing problem. As a ray-based method, it has explicit angle information naturally during the propagation. We have developed a 3D DDCIG computational method using GBM, which obtain both the imaging result and angle-domain gathers with only one pass of calculation. The angle-gather computation is based on geometrical optics, and multiple angle conversions are imple-mented under the rules of space geometry, which helps to avoid rounding errors and improve accuracy. Additionally, the multi-azimuth joint presentation strategy is proposed to describe the characteristic of omnidirectional dip angles using a finite number of gathers. After using a 2D model to illustrate appli-cation advantages of DDCIG, we apply the proposed method to two 3D models to test its feasibility and accuracy. A field data example further demonstrates the adaptability of our method to seismic imaging for a land survey.(c) 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).