Monitoring of Temperature Distribution and Vegetation Index on Volcanic Hazard Eruption with Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Imagery

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched the new satellite mission called Landsat-8 on February 11, 2013. NASA improved Landsat-8 with Onboard Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) sensors separated to 11 spectral bands. Volcanic eruption spreads a lot of materials from magma chamber. High temperature of lava flow, pyroclastic flow, steam gas and ash-fall carried specific signal that can be detected easily by TIRS band 10 and 11 of Landsat-8. Mount Kelud on Java Island, Indonesia erupted on February 14, 2014 and deployed ash up to 5 centimeters thick on land forcing airports and major tourist destinations closed. It distributed millions ton of ash-fall within an eruption. Volcanic ash fall contain tiny crystalline silica, minerals quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite that can disturb to ecosystem. Ash-fall can have detrimental effects on vegetation depending on ash thickness accumulation, ash-fall intensity, contained minerals and vegetation growing characteristics. Atmosphere condition shift rapidly with temperature distinction which is caused of volcanic ash eruption. Rapidly temperature change can effect to leaf and plant condition. Generally, healthy leaves absorb most of the visible light that falls on it, and reflects a large portion of the near-infrared light. Otherwise, unhealthy leaves reflect more visible light and less near-infrared light. In this study, the differences reflectance that were caught by Landsat-8 sensor describe the relationship between volcanic eruption, temporary temperature change and vegetation response. This observation handled from November (before eruption) to March 2014 (after eruption). Study purposes are to know temperature distribution and vegetation index impact from volcanic hazard eruption. Sets satellite images from United States Geological Survey (USGS) were used to know vegetation reflectance differences. The results of this study are volcanic ash-fall related to changing of temperature, comparing NDVI that showed exsiccate vegetation and growing leaves speed at post volcanic eruption.