The interplay among ecological footprint, real income, energy consumption, and trade openness in 13 Asian countries

被引:51
作者
Lu, Wen-Cheng [1 ]
机构
[1] Ming Chuan Univ, Dept Econ & Finance, 5 De Ming Rd, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
关键词
Ecological footprint; Real income; Trade openness; Renewable energy; Energy consumption; KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; CO2; EMISSIONS; CARBON EMISSIONS; POLICY SHOCKS; COINTEGRATION; TESTS; IMPACT; EKC; PERSISTENCE;
D O I
10.1007/s11356-020-10399-7
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This article investigates the effects of real income, trade openness, and energy consumption on the ecological footprint using a panel data of 13 Asian countries over the 1973-2014 period. The empirical findings suggest that the panel variance-ratio test confirms the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among ecological footprint real income, trade openness, and energy consumption. Results from panelpooled mean groupestimates confirm that the long-run elasticity of real income, trade openness, and energy consumption is 0.16, -0.07, and 0.51, respectively. The real income and energy consumption have a positive impact on the ecological footprint. There are three bidirectional causal relationships that were found between ecological footprint and real income; between energy consumption and ecological footprint; and between trade openness and ecological footprint. In addition, three unidirectional causalities can be found: a unidirectional causality running from real income to trade openness; from real income to energy consumption; and from trade openness to energy consumption. Those causal relationships show that economic indicators are highly related to ecological footprint. The findings recommend that various governments should fund more in renewable energy and efficiency upgrade and continue sustaining their growth without hurting the environment.
引用
收藏
页码:45148 / 45160
页数:13
相关论文
共 61 条
[1]  
Acar S, 2017, MIDDLE EAST DEV J, V9, P101, DOI 10.1080/17938120.2017.1288475
[2]   On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe [J].
Acaravci, Ali ;
Ozturk, Ilhan .
ENERGY, 2010, 35 (12) :5412-5420
[3]   Investigating the impact of human capital on the ecological footprint in India: An empirical analysis [J].
Ahmed, Zahoor ;
Wang, Zhaohua .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 2019, 26 (26) :26782-26796
[4]   Does globalization increase the ecological footprint? Empirical evidence from Malaysia [J].
Ahmed, Zahoor ;
Wang, Zhaohua ;
Mahmood, Faisal ;
Hafeez, Muhammad ;
Ali, Nazakat .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 2019, 26 (18) :18565-18582
[5]   Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Vietnam [J].
Al-Mulali, Usama ;
Saboori, Behnaz ;
Ozturk, Ilhan .
ENERGY POLICY, 2015, 76 :123-131
[6]   Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by utilizing the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation [J].
Al-mulali, Usama ;
Weng-Wai, Choong ;
Sheau-Ting, Low ;
Mohammed, Abdul Hakim .
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2015, 48 :315-323
[7]   Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries [J].
Al-mulali, Usama .
ENERGY, 2011, 36 (10) :6165-6171
[8]   CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France [J].
Ang, James B. .
ENERGY POLICY, 2007, 35 (10) :4772-4778
[9]   Environmental Kuznets curve revisited: An analysis using ecological and material footprint [J].
Ansari, Mohd Arshad ;
Haider, Salman ;
Khan, N. A. .
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2020, 115 (115)
[10]   Does income growth relocate ecological footprint? [J].
Asici, Ahmet Atli ;
Acar, Sevil .
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2016, 61 :707-714