Major Depression as a Complex Dynamic System

被引:327
作者
Cramer, Angelique O. J. [1 ]
van Borkulo, Claudia D. [1 ]
Giltay, Erik J. [2 ]
van der Maas, Han L. J. [1 ]
Kendler, Kenneth S. [3 ]
Scheffer, Marten [4 ]
Borsboom, Denny [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Amsterdam, Psychol Methods, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Leids Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Leiden, Netherlands
[3] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA USA
[4] Wageningen Univ, Dept Aquat Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands
来源
PLOS ONE | 2016年 / 11卷 / 12期
关键词
EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; LIFE EVENTS; NETWORK ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SLOWING-DOWN; STRESS; CONSEQUENCES; COMORBIDITY; DISORDERS; PERSPECTIVES;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0167490
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
In this paper, we characterize major depression (MD) as a complex dynamic system in which symptoms (e.g., insomnia and fatigue) are directly connected to one another in a network structure. We hypothesize that individuals can be characterized by their own network with unique architecture and resulting dynamics. With respect to architecture, we show that individuals vulnerable to developing MD are those with strong connections between symptoms: e.g., only one night of poor sleep suffices to make a particular person feel tired. Such vulnerable networks, when pushed by forces external to the system such as stress, are more likely to end up in a depressed state; whereas networks with weaker connections tend to remain in or return to a non-depressed state. We show this with a simulation in which we model the probability of a symptom becoming 'active' as a logistic function of the activity of its neighboring symptoms. Additionally, we show that this model potentially explains some well-known empirical phenomena such as spontaneous recovery as well as accommodates existing theories about the various subtypes of MD. To our knowledge, we offer the first intra-individual, symptom-based, process model with the potential to explain the pathogenesis and maintenance of major depression.
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页数:20
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