Marriage, violence and HIV: the shifting policy context in Uganda

被引:8
|
作者
Winchester, Margaret S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Penn State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Intimate partner violence; marriage; HIV; Uganda; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; COPING STRATEGIES; WOMEN; RISK; SEX; MEN; INTERVENTION; EMPOWERMENT; INFECTION;
D O I
10.1080/13691058.2016.1184313
中图分类号
D669 [社会生活与社会问题]; C913 [社会生活与社会问题];
学科分类号
1204 ;
摘要
The policy environment for vulnerable women in Uganda is rapidly changing, with the aim of introducing more punitive measures for violent offenders and more options for women seeking help. This paper examines HIV-positive women who experienced intimate partner violence in two regions of Uganda prior to the enactment of the Domestic Violence Act of 2010. Based on in-depth interviews and observations, it reports on women's views of marriage and relationships, and their strategies for help seeking to show the interaction between the two phenomena within the local cultural and political context. HIV-positive women in Uganda reshape their notions of marriage and love based on experiences of violence, illness management and broader social factors. Their narratives of relationships and conflict reveal an ambivalence toward formal marriage because of both its security and rights and its potential to inhibit leaving, as well as a reluctance to seek help through formal means. This construction of marriage is intertwined with the shifting social backdrop in Uganda, in particular the increasing rollout of antiretroviral treatment for HIV and the development of new policies surrounding violence, marriage and divorce. Women's experiences show potential points of intervention and the need for multi-sectoral responses to violence. ResumePour les femmes vulnerables en Ouganda, l'environnement politique subit une mutation rapide avec l'introduction de mesures plus punitives a l'egard des auteurs d'actes de violence et d'un plus grand choix de formes de soutien. Cet article examine, dans deux regions de l'Ouganda, la situation de femmes infectees par le VIH qui ont egalement connu des violences exercees par des partenaires intimes avant l'adoption par le pays, en 2010, d'une loi reprimant la violence domestique. En se basant sur des entretiens en profondeur et des observations, l'article rend compte des points de vue des femmes sur le mariage et les relations et de leurs strategies de recherche de soutien pour illustrer l'interaction entre les deux phenomenes dans le contexte politique et culturel local. En Ouganda, les femmes infectees par le VIH redefinissent leurs notions de l'amour et du mariage en se basant sur leur experience de la violence, sur la gestion de leur maladie et sur des facteurs sociaux plus generaux. Leurs recits concernant les relations et les conflits revelent une ambivalence vis-a-vis du mariage formel, aussi bien en raison de la securite, des droits et du potentiel d'empecher les separations que confere celui-ci, que des reticences de ces femmes a rechercher du soutien par des moyens formels. Cette construction du mariage est liee au contexte social changeant en Ouganda, en particulier a l'elaboration de politiques sur la violence, le mariage et le divorce. L'experience des femmes revele des axes potentiels d'intervention et la necessite de repondre a la violence dans une approche multidimensionnelle. ResumenEl ambito de politicas publicas orientadas hacia mujeres vulnerables se encuentra en rapida evolucion en Uganda, debido a que su objetivo reside en impulsar medidas punitivas adicionales aplicables a los agresores violentos y a ofrecer mas opciones a las mujeres que solicitan ayuda. El presente articulo examina la situacion de mujeres seropositivas, habitantes de dos regiones de Uganda, que experimentaron violencia intima a manos de su pareja en un periodo previo a la aprobacion de la Ley de Violencia Domestica en 2010. Basandose en entrevistas a profundidad y en observaciones, el articulo da cuenta de las perspectivas de las mujeres respecto al matrimonio y las relaciones, asi como de sus estrategias para solicitar ayuda, a fin de mostrar como interactuan ambos fenomenos en el marco de la cultura local y del contexto politico. Las ideas en torno al matrimonio y al amor de las mujeres seropositivas de Uganda se modifican con base en sus experiencias de violencia, de tratamiento de enfermedades y de otros factores sociales mas generales. Sus narrativas relativas a relaciones y conflictos revelan cierta ambivalencia en torno al matrimonio formal: si bien brinda seguridad y derechos e inhibe el abandono, tambien genera reticencia a la hora de buscar ayuda a traves de los mecanismos formales. La construccion de la idea del matrimonio se entrecruza con el contexto social cambiante presente en Uganda, particularmente visible en la creciente disponibilidad de tratamientos antirretrovirales para las personas seropositivas y en el impulso de nuevas politicas relativas a la violencia, el matrimonio y el divorcio. Las vivencias experimentadas por las mujeres dan cuenta de posibles puntos de intervencion, indicando la necesidad de generar respuestas multisectoriales para abatir la violencia.
引用
收藏
页码:1333 / 1346
页数:14
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