Urban Power Grids Dynamic Control Model with Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicles

The growing penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicles (EV) increase the operational risk of the urban power system. Besides, the unbalanced load distribution at time-spatial scale also impacts the hosting capacity of the PVs and causes severe transmission congestion. Thus this paper proposed a bi-level optimization model to manage the transmission congestion and enhance the PV hosting capacity considering the reconfigurable capability of the high voltage distribution network (HVDN). In the upper level, the optimal topological structure of HVDN is calculated aiming at minimizing the total operational cost. In the lower level, the maximum hosting capacity of PVs is achieved by a second-order cone programming model. The proposed method was verified by an urban power system in China. Numerical results demonstrated that reconfiguring the HVDN topological structure provide huge benefits of enhancing PV penetration level and facilitating the integration of the EV.