Analytical approaches for clarification of DNA-double decker phthalocyanine binding mechanism: As an alternative anticancer chemotherapeutic

In the present study a novel water soluble double-decker phthalocyanine was synthesized and calf thymus DNA interaction of the synthesized double-decker phthalocyanine was investigated. 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted phthalonitrile 1 was prepared by a nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol. Lutetium(III) double-decker phthalocyanine 2 was prepared by cyclotetramerization of compound 1. Water soluble lutetium(III) double-decker phthalocyanine 3 was prepared with quaternarization of compound 2. The synthesized double-decker phthalocyanine and calf thymus DNA interaction was investigated with UV-vis titrimetric methods, gel electrophoresis, and viscosity measurements. The fluorometric ethidium bromide replacement assay was conducted to clarify the binding mode of water soluble double-decker phthalocyanine. The thermodynamic parameters for interaction, K, Delta G(0), Delta H-0 and Delta S-0 were calculated between the temperature ranges of 25 degrees C-75 degrees C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about a double-decker phthalocyanine and DNA interaction. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.