Synthesis of Ceramide Nanoemulsion by High-Pressure Homogenizer and Evaluation of Its Stability

A ceramide-containing nanoemulsion was synthesized by using a High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) to observe its changes in properties and long-term stability. The droplet size, droplet distribution and zeta potential of nanoemulsion were examined by varying the pressure and the number of passes of the HPH. The increase in HPH pressure and number of passes decreased the average droplet size and made the nanoemulsion more uniform. However, beyond certain operating condition, the recombination between the droplets was confirmed due to droplet surface energy and emulsifier. This study also shows that the decrease in droplet size increased the nanoemulsion viscosity although only minimal changes occurred in the zeta potential. The formed nanoemulsion was then tested for its stability by storing it at 25 and 45 degrees C for 28 days. During the first week, the average droplet size increased due to recombination and then subsequently remained constant. We confirmed that ceramide nanoemulsion for industrial application could be synthesized by using HPH.