Nonstructural proteins NS2 of minute virus of mice associate in vivo with 14-3-3 protein family members

The nonstructural NS2 proteins of the prototype strain of minute virus of mice (MVMp) were previously shown to be involved in parvoviral DNA amplification as well as in efficient virus production in a host cell-specific manner (L. K. Naeger, N. Salome, and D. J. Pintel, J. Virol. 67:1034-1043, 1993). NS2 polypeptides were also reported to participate in the cytotoxic activity of parvoviruses (C. Legrand, J. Rommelaere, and P. Caillet-Fauquet, Virology 195:149-155, 1993), for which transformed cells are preferential targets. To identify cellular partners of NS2 proteins, coimmunoprecipitation experiments were performed with various antibodies directed against the parvoviral products. Two cellular proteins with molecular masses of 30 and 32 kDa were Pound to associate in vivo with the NS2 polypeptides. From amino acid sequence homology, these NS2 partners were assigned to the 14-3-3 family of cellular proteins, showing at least partial identity with the epsilon and beta or zeta 14-3-3 isoforms. In agreement with this assignment, NS2-30/32-kDa protein immune complexes displayed an activating function for esoenzyme S in vitro, a hallmark of 14-3-3 polypeptides. Interactions with 14-3-3 proteins did not appear sufficient for NS2 functions, since they were not disrupted by NS2 C-terminal modifications that impaired virus replication. Binding of NS2 to 14-3-3 proteins was detected in various cells of mouse, rat, hamster, monkey, and human origin, irrespective of NS2 dispensability and host cell transformation or permissiveness. The ubiquitous 14-3-3 proteins were recently reported to associate with several other cellular or viral polypeptides involved in signal transduction and/or cell cycle regulation pathways (A. Aitken, Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:95-97, 1995). The NS2 products may connect with one of these pathways through their interaction with specific 14-3-3 polypeptides.