Feeding practices from birth to 5 years.

Dietary and nutritional recommendations made in 1993 by a group of Latin American specialistis are still valid. They were based on physiological maturation, nutritional requirements, desirable eating habits, and cultural and economic patterns. Exclusive breast-feeding for 4-6 months is ideal for every child. It should continue as part of a mixed diet that is culturally acceptable. Other foods must be added to satisfy nutritional needs and expose the child to different textures and flavors. When breast-feeding is not possible, the following options should be used, in order of preference: 1) Milk from a wet nurse; 2) Milk formulas designed in accordance to gastrointestinal and renal maturation; 3) Cow's mil properly diluted, reconstituted and boiled, o; 4) Vegetable base formulas. These foods must be fortified or supplemented with certain vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. The first semi-solid foods should be cereals without gluten, tubers and fruits with low allergenic potential. Additional animal and vegetable foods should be added after six months, withholding those associated with a higher allergenic risk until after 8 or 12 months. Ail foods accustomed in the household must be introduced gradually in the second year, making sure to provide adequate intakes of energy and nutrients. Other important aspects are hygienic handling of foods, frequency of feeding, and a positive attitude of parents and child-carers during meals to avoid rejection of certain foods or stimulation of over-eating.