Lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, and nitric oxide affect secretion of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by bovine mammary gland epithelial cells

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), nitric oxide donor (NONOate), or the combination of TNF + IL-1 alpha + NONOate on the following: (i) secretion of prostaglandin (PG)-F-2 alpha PGE(2), leukotriene (LT)-B-4, and LTC4 by epithelial cells of the teat cavity and lactiferous sinus of bovine mammary gland; (ii) messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription of enzymes responsible for arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2], prostaglandin E synthase [PTGES], prostaglandin F syntlzase [PGES], and arachidonate 5-lipooxygenase [ALOX5]); and (iii) proliferation of the cells. The cells were stimulated for 24 h. Prostaglandins and LT were measured by enzyme immunoassay, mRNA transcription of enzymes was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the cell viability was measured by 3[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. All factors increased PG secretion, but the highest stimulation was observed after TNF and IL-1 alpha (P < 0.001). Tumor necrosis factor, NONOate, and TNF + IL-1 alpha + NONOate increased LTB production (P < 0.01), whereas LTC4 was increased by LPS, TNF, and IL-1 alpha (P < 0.01). Lipopolysaccharides, TNF, IL-1 alpha, and the reagents combination increased PTGS2, PTGES, and PGFS mRNA transcription (P < 0.01), whereas ALOX5 mRNA transcription was increased only by TNF (P < 0.001). Lipopolysaccharides, TNF, IL-1 alpha, NONOate, and the combination of reagents increased the cell number (P < 0.001). Mediators of acute-clinical Escherichia coli mastitis locally modulate PG and LT secretion by the epithelial cells of the teat cavity and lactiferous sinus, which might be a useful first line of defense for the bovine mammary gland. Moreover, the modulation of PG and LT secretion and the changing ratio of luteotropic (PGE(2), LTB4) to luteolytic (PGF(2 alpha), LTC4) metabolites may contribute to disorders in reproductive functions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.