Pathophysiology of manganese-associated neurotoxicity

被引:93
作者
Racette, Brad A. [1 ]
Aschner, Michael [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Guilarte, Tomas R. [5 ]
Dydak, Ulrike [6 ]
Criswell, Susan R. [1 ]
Zheng, Wei [6 ]
机构
[1] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63131 USA
[2] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
[3] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
[4] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
[5] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA
[6] Purdue Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Manganese; Parkinsonism; PET; MRI; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NIGROSTRIATAL FUNCTION; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; WORKING-MEMORY; EXPOSURE; DOPAMINE; TRANSPORTER; GABA;
D O I
10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.010
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Manganese (Mn) is a well established neurotoxin associated with specific damage to the basal ganglia in humans. The phenotype associated with Mn neurotoxicity was first described in two workers with occupational exposure to Mn oxide (Couper, 1837). Although the description did not use modern clinical terminology, a parkinsonian illness characterized by slowness of movement (bradykinesia), masked facies, and gait impairment (postural instability) appears to have predominated. Nearly 100 years later an outbreak of an atypical parkinsonian illness in a Chilean Mn mine provided a phenotypic description of a fulminant neurologic disorder with parkinsonism, dystonia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Rodier, 1955). Exposures associated with this syndrome were massive and an order of magnitude greater than modern exposures (Rodier, 1955; Hobson et al., 2011). The clinical syndrome associated with Mn neurotoxicity has been called manganism. Modern exposures to Mn occur primarily through occupations in the steel industry and welding. These exposures are often chronic and varied, occurring over decades in the healthy workforce. Although the severe neurologic disorder described by Rodier and Couper are no longer seen, several reports have suggested a possible increased risk of neurotoxicity in these workers (Racette et al., 2005b; Bowler et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2011). Based upon limited prior imaging and pathologic investigations into the pathophysiology of neurotoxicity in Mn exposed workers (Huang et al., 2003), many investigators have concluded that the syndrome spares the dopamine system distinguishing manganism from Parkinson disease (PD), the most common cause of parkinsonism in the general population, and a disease with characteristic degenerative changes in the dopaminergic system (Jankovic, 2005). The purpose of this symposium was to highlight recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of Mn associated neurotoxicity from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Dr. Aschner's presentation discussed mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal toxicity in C. elegans and demonstrates a compelling potential role of Mn in dopaminergic degeneration. Dr. Guilarte's experimental, non-human primate model of Mn neurotoxicity suggests that Mn decreases dopamine release in the brain without loss of neuronal integrity markers, including dopamine. Dr. Racette's presentation demonstrates a unique pattern of dopaminergic dysfunction in active welders with chronic exposure to Mn containing welding fumes. Finally, Dr. Dydak presented novel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy data in Mn exposed smelter workers and demonstrated abnormalities in the thalamus and frontal cortex for those workers. This symposium provided some converging evidence of the potential neurotoxic impact of Mn on the dopaminergic system and challenged existing paradigms on the pathophysiology of Mn in the central nervous system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:881 / 886
页数:6
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