Axial pattern flap based on the superficial temporal artery in cats: An experimental study

Objective- The purpose of this study was to determine the surgical guidelines for and the survivability of an axial pattern flap based on the superficial temporal artery in cats. Study Design- The mean survival length and mean percentage area of survival of flaps after 7 days in control and experimental groups, are assessed and compared. Animals- Ten mature, domestic shorthair cats. Methods- The superficial temporal artery and vein were incorporated in the flaps of the experimental group (n = 5) and were ligated in the control group (n = 5). Seven days postoperatively, the length of tissue that remained viable in each flap was determined by measurement of the length of the grossly devitalized tissue and subtracting this from total flap length. Results- Mean width and length of all flaps was 2.0 x 7.0 cm, respectively. Mean survival length (+/-SD) of experimental and control flaps was 6.9 (0.2) cm and 4.4 (2.2) cm, respectively. Necrosis occurred in all control flaps, resulting in a mean percentage area of survival of 62.8 (11.7)%, compared with 98.6 (3.2)% for experimental flaps. Results were significantly different (P < .05) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions- A flap based on the superficial temporal artery may be a source of skin for reconstructive procedures of the maxillofacial region in cats. Clinical Relevance- Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks and survivability of an axial pattern flap are essential considerations when planning a reconstructive technique. (C) Copyright 1997 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.