Data acquisition architecture and online processing system for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

被引：22

作者：

Abeysekara, A. U. ^{[1
]}

Alfaro, R. ^{[2
]}

Alvarez, C. ^{[3
]}

Alvarez, J. D. ^{[4
]}

Arceo, R. ^{[3
]}

Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. ^{[4
]}

Solares, H. A. Ayala ^{[5
]}

Barber, A. S. ^{[1
]}

Baughman, B. M. ^{[6
]}

Bautista-Elivar, N. ^{[7
]}

Gonzalez, J. Becerra ^{[6
,8
]}

Belmont-Moreno, E.

BenZvi, S. Y. ^{[9
]}

Berley, D. ^{[6
]}

Bonilla Rosales, M. ^{[10
]}

Braun, J. ^{[11
]}

Caballero-Lopez, R. A. ^{[12
]}

Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^{[3
]}

Carraminana, A. ^{[10
]}

Castillo, M. ^{[4
]}

Cotti, U. ^{[4
]}

Cotzomi, J. ^{[13
]}

de la Fuente, E. ^{[14
]}

De Leon, C. ^{[13
]}

DeYoung, T. ^{[15
]}

Diaz-Cruz, J. ^{[13
]}

Diaz Hernandez, R. ^{[10
]}

Diaz-Velez, J. C. ^{[11
,14
]}

Dingus, B. L. ^{[16
]}

DuVernois, M. A. ^{[11
]}

Ellsworth, R. W. ^{[6
,17
]}

Fiorino, D. W. ^{[6
]}

Fraija, N. ^{[18
]}

Galindo, A. ^{[10
]}

Garfias, F. ^{[18
]}

Gonzalez, M. M. ^{[18
]}

Goodman, J. A. ^{[6
]}

Grabski, V. ^{[2
]}

Gussert, M. ^{[19
]}

Hampel-Arias, Z. ^{[11
]}

Harding, J. P. ^{[16
]}

Hui, C. M. ^{[20
]}

Huntemeyer, P. ^{[5
]}

Imran, A. ^{[11
,16
]}

Iriarte, A. ^{[18
]}

Karn, P. ^{[11
,21
]}

Kieda, D. ^{[1
]}

Kunde, G. J. ^{[16
]}

Lara, A. ^{[12
]}

Lauer, R. J. ^{[22
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[2] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[3] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico

[4] Univ Michoacana, Inst Fis & Matemat, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico

[5] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA

[6] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[7] Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

[8] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[9] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[10] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico

[11] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[12] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[13] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis Matemat, Puebla, Mexico

[14] Univ Guadalajara, LAM Dpto Fis, Dpto Elect CUCEI, IT Phd CUCEA,Phys Mat Phd CUVALLES, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

[15] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[16] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA

[17] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA USA

[18] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[19] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA

[20] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL USA

[21] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA

[22] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[23] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[24] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[25] Ctr Invest Computac, Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[26] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[27] IPN, Dept Phys, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[28] Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

[29] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[30] Inst Politecn Nacl, Unidad Profes Interdisciplinaria Ingn & Tecnol Av, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[31] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA

[32] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[33] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA

来源：

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT | 2018年 / 888卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

Data acquisition; Real time data processing; Online data analysis; Gamma-ray observatory; TELESCOPE; ARRAY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.nima.2018.01.051

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory (HAWC) is an air shower array devised for TeV gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located at an altitude of 4100 m a.s.l. in Sierra Negra, Mexico. HAWC consists of 300 Water Cherenkov Detectors, each instrumented with 4 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). HAWC re-uses the Front-End Boards from the Milagro experiment to receive the PMT signals. These boards are used in combination with Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) to record the time and the amount of light in each PMT hit (light flash). A set of VME TDC modules (128 channels each) is operated in a continuous (dead time free) mode. The TDCs are read out via the VME bus by Single-Board Computers (SBCs), which in turn are connected to a gigabit Ethernet network. The complete system produces approximate to 500 MB/s of raw data. A high-throughput data processing system has been designed and built to enable real-time data analysis. The system relies on off-the-shelf hardware components, an open-source software technology for data transfers (ZeroMQ) and a custom software framework for data analysis (AERIE). Multiple trigger and reconstruction algorithms can be combined and run on blocks of data in a parallel fashion, producing a set of output data streams which can be analyzed in real time with minimal latency (<5 s). This paper provides an overview of the hardware set-up and an in-depth description of the software design, covering both the TDC data acquisition system and the real-time data processing system. The performance of these systems is also discussed. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：138 / 146

页数：9

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