Current advanced drug delivery systems: Challenges and potentialities

Physical and chemical difference between healthy and microenvironment of diseased tissues offers smart design of stimuli triggered drug particles. The development of innovative formulations like drug particle size design (nano-to millimeters), micro-to nano-encapsulated drug particles, and microchambers that improve the water solubility and bioavailability of medicine is a significant aspect of current drug delivery technology. By tracking different types of physicochemical stimuli, controlled release of drug to the targeted site is possible, which can overcome many negative effects of conventional drug delivery system (CDDS). At present, stimuli responsive drug delivery system, which is termed advanced drug delivery system (ADDS) is an exciting pharmaceutical approach. It has widely usage especially for drug resistive chronic diseases treatment where gatekeeping on demand drug release into only specific site could be achieved successfully. This article briefly demonstrates the concepts of CDDS and ADDS. This study demonstrates a detailed overview of fundamental principles and key roles along with their drawbacks, challenges, and advancement. The review also suggests a clear approach to how to adopt the appropriate ADDS in disease treatment. To facilitate this issue, the classification of ADDS technologies into sustain release DDS (SRDDS) and control release DDS (CRDDS) approaches, based on the controlling capability of drug releasing rate, has been adopted in this overview.