Improvement of MRI Brain Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Unsupervised Learning

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. The ability of fuzzy c-mean (FCM) algorithm in segmenting MR images has been proven. Some MR images are contaminated with noise. FCM performance is degraded in noisy images. Several efforts are done to overcome this weakness. Objectives: The aim of this study was to propose a new method for MR image segmentation which is more resistant than other methods when noisy MR images are confronted. Materials and Methods: In this study, simulated brain database prepared by BrainWeb was be used for analysis. First FCM and its improvements were analysed and their ability in segmenting noisyMR images were evaluated. Next, knowing that applying genetic algorithm on improver fuzzy c-mean (IFCM) could improve its performance, a new segmentation method was proposed by applying particle swarm optimization on IFCM. Results: The proposed algorithm was applied on some intentionally noise-added MR images. Similarity between the segmented image and the original one was measured using Dice index. Other off-the-shelf algorithms were also tested in the same conditions. The indices were presented together. In order to compare the algorithms' performances, the experiments were repeated using different noisy images. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the proposed algorithms have better performance in segmenting noisy MR images than existing methods.