Hypertension, age, and location predict rupture of small intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND: Although current guidelines for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) suggest aneurysms larger than 7 mm should be considered for treatment, a significant number of subarachnoid hemorrhages are caused by IAs 7 mm or smaller. Thus, we sought to identify risk factors associated with the rupture of IAs 7 mm or smaller. METHODS: We identified 100 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from IAs 7 mm or smaller between January 2001 and 2004. Patients were compared with controls (n = 51) with unruptured IAs 7 mm or smaller, diagnosed by conventional angiography or three-dimensional computerized angiography, with respect to aneurysm characteristics (size, location, and age of presentation) and risk factors (hypertension, smoking, cocaine use, and family history). RESULTS: Hypertensive patients with IAs 7 mm or smaller were 2.6 times more likely to experience rupture (P = 0.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-5.53) than patients with normal blood pressure. Posterior circulation aneurysms were 3.5 times more likely to rupture than anterior circulation aneurysms (P = 0.048; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-19.4). After adjustment for location and hypertension, the age of patient on presentation was associated with a trend toward inverse correlation with aneurysmal rupture risk (P = 0.07). Hypertension and posterior location remained significant independent predictors in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Among patients with small aneurysms ( <= 7 mm), hypertension, relatively young age, and posterior circulation were significant risk factors for rupture. Given the minimal long-term morbidity and mortality of treatment of unruptured aneurysms in large, tertiary medical centers, management of unruptured aneurysms 7 mm or smaller should be governed by factors other than size, specifically age, history of hypertension, and location.