共 50 条
- [1] 1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 SubunitINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2024, 25 (08)Nahalka, Jozef论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Ctr Glyc, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia Slovak Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence White Green Biotechnol, Inst Chem, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Ctr Glyc, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- [2] Acute lung injury induced by recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 in miceRESPIRATORY RESEARCH, 2025, 26 (01)Zhu, Jiwei论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaWu, Jinglin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaLu, Manlu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaJiao, Qianqian论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaLiu, Xiaojing论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaLiu, Lu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaLi, Mingzhen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaZhang, Bin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaYan, Junhong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Ultrasound Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaYu, Yan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R ChinaPan, Lei论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China Binzhou Med Univ Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 661 Yellow River Rd, Binzhou 256603, Peoples R China
- [3] Trivalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Protein Vaccination Induces Broad Humoral Responses in BALB/c MiceVACCINES, 2023, 11 (02)Khan, Muhammad S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAKim, Eun论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAHuang, Shaohua论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAKenniston, Thomas W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAGambotto, Andrea论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA UPMC Hillman Canc Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- [4] SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein induces microglial NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in miceEXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY, 2025, 383Jiang, Qiuhong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaLi, Ge论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Guangdong Lab Anim Monitoring Inst, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Lab Anim, Guangzhou 510663, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaWang, Huacheng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 7, 628 Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518107, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaChen, Weineng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaLiang, Fengyin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaKong, Haifan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaChen, Tara S. R.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 7, Guangdong Engn & Technol Res Ctr Rehabil Med & Tra, WHO Collaborating Ctr Rehabil CHN 50,Dept Rehabil, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaLin, Lishan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaHong, Hua论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hlth Management Ctr, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R ChinaPei, Zhong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurol,Natl Key Clin Dept & Key Discipline Ne, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Diag & Treatment Major Neur, 58 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China
- [5] SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 MicrogliaMOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, 2022, 59 (01) : 445 - 458Olajide, Olumayokun A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, EnglandIwuanyanwu, Victoria U.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, EnglandAdegbola, Oyinkansola D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, EnglandAl-Hindawi, Alaa A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England Univ Huddersfield, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Pharm, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England
- [6] Cell-Free Hemoglobin Does Not Attenuate the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit in Pulmonary Endothelial CellsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2021, 22 (16)Jana, Sirsendu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USAHeaven, Michael R.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USAAlayash, Abdu, I论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA Food & Drug Adm FDA, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA
- [7] SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Induces Endolysosome Dysfunction and Neuritic DystrophyFRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE, 2021, 15Datta, Gaurav论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAMiller, Nicole M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAHalcrow, Peter W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAKhan, Nabab论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAColwell, Timothy论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAGeiger, Jonathan D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USAChen, Xuesong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Univ North Dakota, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
- [8] The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2021, 22 (15)Hsu, John Tsu-An论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanTien, Chih-Feng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Natl Inst Infect Dis & Vaccinol, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanYu, Guann-Yi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Natl Inst Infect Dis & Vaccinol, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanShen, Santai论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Antaimmu BioMed Co Ltd, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Hsu, Pei-Chien论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Yang Ming Univ, Dept & Inst Physiol, Taipei 11221, Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Dept & Inst Physiol, Taipei 11221, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanWang, Yun论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Ctr Neuropsychiat Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanChao, Po-Kuan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Ctr Neuropsychiat Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanTsay, Huey-Jen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 11221, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, TaiwanShie, Feng-Shiun论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Hlth Res Inst, Ctr Neuropsychiat Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Biotechnol & Pharmaceut Res, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- [9] Metformin Suppresses Monocyte Immunometabolic Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Subunit 1FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 2021, 12Cory, Theodore J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USAEmmons, Russell S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Memphis, Coll Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USAYarbro, Johnathan R.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Memphis, Coll Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USADavis, Kierstin L.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Memphis, Coll Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USAPence, Brandt D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Memphis, Coll Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Univ Memphis, Ctr Nutraceut & Dietary Supplement Res, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm & Translat Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- [10] Proinflammatory Responses in SARS-CoV-2 and Soluble Spike Glycoprotein S1 Subunit Activated Human MacrophagesVIRUSES-BASEL, 2023, 15 (03):论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Hutchison, Kevin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USAMiller, Lindsay Grace论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USABose, Santanu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USAMiura, Tanya A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Univ Idaho, Inst Modeling Collaborat & Innovat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA