Great cities look small

被引:25
作者
Sim, Aaron [1 ,3 ]
Yaliraki, Sophia N. [2 ]
Barahona, Mauricio [1 ]
Stumpf, Michael P. H. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England
[2] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England
[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
infrastructure; population models; social networks; MOBILITY; IMPACT; LIFE;
D O I
10.1098/rsif.2015.0315
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Great cities connect people; failed cities isolate people. Despite the fundamental importance of physical, face-to-face social ties in the functioning of cities, these connectivity networks are not explicitly observed in their entirety. Attempts at estimating them often rely on unrealistic over-simplifications such as the assumption of spatial homogeneity. Here we propose a mathematical model of human interactions in terms of a local strategy of maximizing the number of beneficial connections attainable under the constraint of limited individual travelling-time budgets. By incorporating census and openly available online multi-modal transport data, we are able to characterize the connectivity of geometrically and topologically complex cities. Beyond providing a candidate measure of greatness, this model allows one to quantify and assess the impact of transport developments, population growth, and other infrastructure and demographic changes on a city. Supported by validations of gross domestic product and human immunodeficiency virus infection rates across US metropolitan areas, we illustrate the effect of changes in local and city-wide connectivities by considering the economic impact of two contemporary inter- and intra-city transport developments in the UK: High Speed 2 and London Crossrail. This derivation of the model suggests that the scaling of different urban indicators with population size has an explicitly mechanistic origin.
引用
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页数:9
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