[1] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Civil Engn, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
[2] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Sci, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
[3] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Mat & Mineral Resources Engn, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia