Cell death mechanism and protective effect of erythropoietin after focal ischemia in the whisker-barrel cortex of neonatal rats

被引:78
作者
Wei, L
Han, BH
Li, Y
Keogh, CL
Holtzman, DM
Yu, SP
机构
[1] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
[2] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
[3] Washington Univ, Hope Ctr Neurol Disorders, Dept Neurol Mol Biol & Pharmacol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[4] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mfg Pharm, Seoul, South Korea
关键词
D O I
10.1124/jpet.105.094391
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Cell death induced by the combined insult of hypoxia- ischemia in neonatal rodents has been extensively investigated. Ischemia-only- induced cell death, however, has been much less characterized. Based on the notion that 1) ischemic stroke is a relatively common disorder in human neonates, and 2) developing cells are more susceptible to apoptosis, the present study examined whether typical apoptosis was induced by cerebral ischemia in a new neonatal rat model. Erythropoietin ( EPO; Epoetin) was tested for its protective effect against ischemia-induced cell death. Postnatal day 7 rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery branch supplying the right whisker- barrel cortex. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin- dUTP nick end- labeled- positive cells in the ischemic region were detectable 4 h after ischemia and reached a peak level 16 h later. The cell death was preceded by caspase activation and cytochrome c release. Cell body shrinkage was evident among damaged cells. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed DNA damage with a smear pattern as well as DNA laddering. Electron microscopy demonstrated apoptotic features such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation; meanwhile, necrotic alterations coexisted in the cytoplasm. EPO treatment increased signal transducers and activators of transcription- 5 and Bcl- 2 levels, markedly attenuated apoptotic cell death, and reduced ischemic infarct in the cortex. It is suggested that focal ischemia in the developing brain causes cell death with prominent apoptotic features coexisting with some characteristics of necrosis. This is consistent with the concept of hybrid death described previously in cultures and adult or developing brain. EPO may be explored as a potential therapy for neonatal ischemic stroke.
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页码:109 / 116
页数:8
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