Evolution of trees and mycorrhizal fungi intensifies silicate mineral weathering

被引:96
作者
Quirk, Joe [1 ]
Beerling, David J. [1 ]
Banwart, Steve A. [2 ]
Kakonyi, Gabriella [2 ]
Romero-Gonzalez, Maria E. [2 ]
Leake, Jonathan R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England
[2] Univ Sheffield, Kroto Res Inst, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England
关键词
biological weathering; arbuscular mycorrhiza; ectomycorrhiza; land plant evolution; silicate mineral weathering; global change ecology; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CARBON; MYCELIUM; PLANTS; ROCKS;
D O I
10.1098/rsbl.2012.0503
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Forested ecosystems diversified more than 350 Ma to become major engines of continental silicate weathering, regulating the Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by driving calcium export into ocean carbonates. Our field experiments with mature trees demonstrate intensification of this weathering engine as tree lineages diversified in concert with their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. Preferential hyphal colonization of the calcium silicate-bearing rock, basalt, progressively increased with advancement from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) to later, independently evolved ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, and from gymnosperm to angiosperm hosts with both fungal groups. This led to 'trenching' of silicate mineral surfaces by AM and EM fungi, with EM gymnosperms and angiosperms releasing calcium from basalt at twice the rate of AM gymnosperms. Our findings indicate mycorrhiza-driven weathering may have originated hundreds of millions of years earlier than previously recognized and subsequently intensified with the evolution of trees and mycorrhizas to affect the Earth's long-term CO2 and climate history.
引用
收藏
页码:1006 / 1011
页数:6
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