Molecular characterization of extensively drug resistant (XDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamase-1 (blaNDM1) producing Escherichia coli isolated from a male dog - a case report

In this article, we report the molecular characterization of extensively drug resistant (XDR), extended spectrum, class C beta-lactamases and NDM-1 carbapenemase producing E. coli, isolated from the scrotal fluid of a 3-year-old male dog. In an antibiotic susceptibility test the E. coli isolate was susceptible only to tigecycline and resistant to all clinically applicable antibiotics tested in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem, cefotaxime and cefepime was 256, 128 and 64 mu g/mL, respectively. On genotypic screening by PCR, the isolate was positive for blaNDM, blaCTX-M, blaAmpC, blaTEM and sul1 genes. The isolate was a ESBL, AmpC and metalo beta-lactamase producer. On molecular pathotyping, the isolate harbored the Shiga toxin producing gene (Stx2). The extensively drug resistant, carbapenem resistant and ESBL producing E. coli constitutes a major public health concern, since there is a great chance of dissemination of resistance genes to humans due to the close association of humans and companion animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of blaNDM1 isolated from a dog in India.