A study on die wear model considering thermal softening (II): Application of the suggested wear model

In bulk metal forming processes, the prediction of tool Life is very important to save production cost and achieve good quality of finished products. Generally, the service lives of tools in metal forming processes are limited to a large extent by wear, fracture and plastic deformation of the tools, etc. In hot-and-warm forging processes, amongst these factors, the tool Lives depend on wear in over 70% of cases. In this study, finite-element analyses are applied to warm-forging processes by adopting the wear model suggested in a companion paper. Finally, the proposed wear model is verified by comparisons between simulation and the actual profiles of worn dies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.