Transcriptional control of the cell cycle in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis

Over the past several years it has become increasingly evident that normal development and cancer share many properties. Both processes involve alterations in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, neovascularization, and cell motility and invasion. Thus, genes involved in normal development are frequently utilized in neoplasia. During development, numerous transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are used to ensure tight control over cellular proliferation. In this review we focus on a number of transcription factor families ( homeobox, STAT, and Ets), and on inhibitors of transcription factors ( Id), which have been implicated in controlling the cell cycle not only in normal mammary gland development but also in breast tumorigenesis.