Musculoskeletal symptoms in patients with long COVID: A cross-sectional study on Iranian patients

Background and objectives: Latest studies have revealed that an increasing number of Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients may continue to feel symptoms after the acute phase. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms after the acute phase of COVID-19 and its associated factors. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study from January 2021 to April 2021. An online questionnaire was designed and sent to patients who had recovered from COVID-19. The questionnaire contained questions on participants' demographic characteristics, COVID-19 course at its acute phase, and musculoskeletal symptoms after recovering from COVID-19. Musculoskeletal symptoms associations with patients' characteristic and COVID-19 course was evaluated. Result: 239 patients, including 72 (30.1%) males and 167 (69.9%) females with a mean age of 37.96 years (SD 1/4 11.19), were included in the study. 98.74% of our patients had experienced at least one musculoskeletal symptom after recovering from COVID-19, and the most common symptom was fatigue, as 91.2% of participants experienced this symptom, followed by myalgia, headache, and low back pain. High BMI, hospitalization, and ICU admission were associated with a higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusion: This study indicated a high prevalence of persistent musculoskeletal symptoms among patients who recovered from COVID-19. Modifiable factors, such as BMI, can be targeted to reduce the prevalence of muscu-loskeletal symptoms in COVID-19 survivors and reduce its burden.