Five-year outcomes of transoral outlet reduction for the treatment of weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Background and Aims: Transoral outlet reduction (TORe) is a common endoscopic treatment for patients with weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with a dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA). This study aims to assess long-term efficacy of TORe. Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on RYGB patients who underwent TORe for weight regain or inadequate weight loss. The primary outcome was efficacy of TORe at 1, 3, and 5 years. Secondary outcomes were procedure details, safety profile, and predictors of long-term weight loss after TORe. Results: Three hundred thirty-one RYGB patients underwent 342 TORe procedures and met inclusion criteria. Of these, 331, 258, and 123 patients were eligible for 1-, 3- and 5-year follow-ups, respectively. Mean body mass index was 40 +/- 9 kg/m(2). Pre-TORe GJA size was 23.4 +/- 6.0 mm, which decreased to 8.4 +/- 1.6 mm after TORe. Patients experienced 8.5% +/- 8.5%, 6.9% +/- 10.1%, and 8.8% +/- 12.5% total weight loss (TWL) at 1, 3, and 5 years with follow-up rates of 83.3%, 81.8%, and 82.9%, respectively. Of 342 TORe procedures, 76%, 17.5%, 4.4%, and 2.1% were performed using single purse-string, interrupted, double purse-string, and running suture patterns, respectively, with an average of 9 +/- 4 stitches per GJA. Pouch reinforcement suturing was performed in 57.3%, with an average of 3 +/- 2 stitches per pouch. There were no severe adverse events. Some patients (39.3%) had additional weight loss therapy (pharmacotherapy or procedure), with 3.6% getting repeat TORe. Amount of weight loss at 1 year (beta = .43, P = .01) and an additional endoscopic weight loss procedure (beta = 8.52, P = .01) were predictors of percentage of TWL at 5 years. Conclusions: TORe appears to be safe, effective, and durable at treating weight regain after RYGB.