Methods for comparing the performance of energy-conversion systems for use in solar fuels and solar electricity generation

被引:192
作者
Coridan, Robert H. [1 ]
Nielander, Adam C. [1 ]
Francis, Sonja A. [1 ,2 ]
McDowell, Matthew T. [1 ,2 ]
Dix, Victoria [1 ]
Chatman, Shawn M. [2 ]
Lewis, Nathan S. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[2] CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[3] CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[4] CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
EFFICIENT PHOTOASSISTED ELECTROLYSIS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; EVOLUTION REACTION; ACID-SOLUTIONS; WATER; OXIDATION; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; TECHNOLOGIES;
D O I
10.1039/c5ee00777a
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The energy-conversion efficiency is a key metric that facilitates comparison of the performance of various approaches to solar energy conversion. However, a suite of disparate methodologies has been proposed and used historically to evaluate the efficiency of systems that produce fuels, either directly or indirectly, with sunlight and/or electrical power as the system inputs. A general expression for the system efficiency is given as the ratio of the total output power (electrical plus chemical) divided by the total input power (electrical plus solar). The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency follows from this globally applicable system efficiency but only is applicable in the special case for systems in which the only input power is sunlight and the only output power is in the form of hydrogen fuel derived from solar-driven water splitting. Herein, system-level efficiencies, beyond the STH efficiency, as well as component-level figures of merit are defined and discussed to describe the relative energy-conversion performance of key photoactive components of complete systems. These figures of merit facilitate the comparison of electrode materials and interfaces without conflating their fundamental properties with the engineering of the cell setup. The resulting information about the components can then be used in conjunction with a graphical circuit analysis formalism to obtain "optimal" system efficiencies that can be compared between various approaches. The approach provides a consistent method for comparison of the performance at the system and component levels of various technologies that produce fuels and/or electricity from sunlight.
引用
收藏
页码:2886 / 2901
页数:16
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 2013, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL
[2]   TERMINOLOGY IN SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-CONVERSION - (RECOMMENDATIONS 1991) [J].
BARD, AJ ;
MEMMING, R ;
MILLER, B .
PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 1991, 63 (04) :569-596
[3]   Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement [J].
Blankenship, Robert E. ;
Tiede, David M. ;
Barber, James ;
Brudvig, Gary W. ;
Fleming, Graham ;
Ghirardi, Maria ;
Gunner, M. R. ;
Junge, Wolfgang ;
Kramer, David M. ;
Melis, Anastasios ;
Moore, Thomas A. ;
Moser, Christopher C. ;
Nocera, Daniel G. ;
Nozik, Arthur J. ;
Ort, Donald R. ;
Parson, William W. ;
Prince, Roger C. ;
Sayre, Richard T. .
SCIENCE, 2011, 332 (6031) :805-809
[4]   ON THE SPLITTING OF WATER [J].
BOCKRIS, JO ;
DANDAPANI, B ;
COCKE, D ;
GHOROGHCHIAN, J .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, 1985, 10 (03) :179-201
[5]   LIMITING AND REALIZABLE EFFICIENCIES OF SOLAR PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER [J].
BOLTON, JR ;
STRICKLER, SJ ;
CONNOLLY, JS .
NATURE, 1985, 316 (6028) :495-500
[6]   Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols [J].
Chen, Zhebo ;
Jaramillo, Thomas F. ;
Deutsch, Todd G. ;
Kleiman-Shwarsctein, Alan ;
Forman, Arnold J. ;
Gaillard, Nicolas ;
Garland, Roxanne ;
Takanabe, Kazuhiro ;
Heske, Clemens ;
Sunkara, Mahendra ;
McFarland, Eric W. ;
Domen, Kazunari ;
Miller, Eric L. ;
Turner, John A. ;
Dinh, Huyen N. .
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, 2010, 25 (01) :3-16
[7]   A comparison of PV/electrolyser and photoelectrolytic technologies for use in solar to hydrogen energy storage systems [J].
Conibeer, G. J. ;
Richards, B. S. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, 2007, 32 (14) :2703-2711
[8]   ENERGY-CONVERSION BY PHOTOELECTROLYSIS OF WATER - DETERMINATION OF EFFICIENCY BY INSITU PHOTOCALORIMETRY [J].
DOHRMANN, JK ;
SCHAAF, NS .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 1992, 96 (11) :4558-4563
[9]   On the Solar to Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency of Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting [J].
Dotan, Hen ;
Mathews, Nripan ;
Hisatomi, Takashi ;
Graetzel, Michael ;
Rothschild, Avner .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 2014, 5 (19) :3330-3334
[10]   THE ENERGETICS OF P/N PHOTOELECTROLYSIS CELLS [J].
FORNARINI, L ;
NOZIK, AJ ;
PARKINSON, BA .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 1984, 88 (15) :3238-3243