[1] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Univ Technol, Key Lab Urban Secur & Disaster Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
[3] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[4] Gifu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 5011193, Japan