Comparison of applied dose and image quality in staging CT of neuroendocrine tumor patients using standard filtered back projection and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction

Objective: To investigate whether dose reduction via adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) affects image quality and diagnostic accuracy in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) staging. Methods: A total of 28 NET patients were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven NET and visible tumor in abdominal computed tomography (CT). In an intraindividual study design, the patients underwent a baseline CT (filtered back projection, FBP) and follow-up CT (ASIR 40%) using matched scan parameters. Image quality was assessed subjectively using a 5-grade scoring system and objectively by determining signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). Applied volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) of each scan was taken from the dose report. Results: ASIR 40% significantly reduced CTDIvol (10.17 +/- 3.06 mGy [FBP], 6.34 +/- 2.25 mGy [ASIR]) (p < 0.001) by 37.6% and significantly increased CNRs (complete tumor-to-liver, 2.76 +/- 1.87 [FBP], 3.2 +/- 2.32 [ASIR]) (p < 0.05) (complete tumor-to-muscle, 2.74 +/- 2.67 [FBP], 4.31 +/- 4.61 [ASIR]) (p < 0.05) compared to FBP. Subjective scoring revealed no significant changes for diagnostic confidence (5.0 +/- 0 [FBP], 5.0 +/- 0 [ASIR]), visibility of suspicious lesion (4.8 +/- 0.5 [FBP], 4.8 +/- 0.5 [ASIR]) and artifacts (5.0 +/- 0 [FBP], 5.0 +/- 0 [ASIR]). ASIR 40% significantly decreased scores for noise (4.3 +/- 0.6 [FBP], 4.0 +/- 0.8 [ASIR]) (p < 0.05), contrast (4.4 +/- 0.6 [FBP], 4.1 +/- 0.8 [ASIR]) (p < 0.001) and visibility of small structures (4.5 +/- 0.7 [FBP], 4.3 +/- 0.8[ASIR]) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In clinical practice ASIR can be used to reduce radiation dose without sacrificing image quality and diagnostic confidence in staging CT of NET patients. This may be beneficial for patients with frequent follow-up and significant cumulative radiation exposure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.