Effects of follicular fluid on the transport of porcine oocytes into the oviduct at ovulation

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether follicular fluid (FF) enters the oviduct and plays any role in the transport of oocytes into the oviduct. Experiment 1: Oestrus and ovulation were synchronized in cycling gilts (n = 21) over a 15 day period of feeding Regumate(R) and injections of 1000 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 24h after the last Regumate(R) feed and 500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 80 h after PMSG. Ipsi-lateral aspiration of FF and salpingectomy (group 1, n = 7), aspiration of FF without salpingectomy (group 2, n = 7) or ligation of the oviduct between the ampulla and infundibulum (group 3, n = 7) was performed endoscopically prior to ovulation (34-36h after hCG). Ipsi-lateral (group 2 and 3) and contra-lateral salpingectomy was carried out in all gilts post ovulation, 42-44 h after hCG. The oviducts were flushed with 1 mi saline and the samples as well as the aspirated FF were analysed for progesterone and estradiol by RIA methods. In group 1 both progesterone and estradiol concentrations did not differ before and after ovulation. Withdrawal of FF from the ipsi-lateral ovary by aspiration (group 2) or ligation of the oviduct (group 3) did not influence the steroid content within the oviducts. Similarly low progesterone concentrations were measured in ipsi- and contra-lateral oviducts after ovulation (group 2: 0.29 +/- 0.17 versus 0.24 +/- 0.35ng/ml and group 3: 0.22 +/- 0.19 versus 0.21 +/- 0.22nglml). The high content of progesterone of FF (269.7 +/- 67.9 and 389.6 +/- 226.5 ng/ml in group 1 and 2, respectively) was not reflected in the oviductal fluid. Experiment 2: In five gilts 0.06 ml H-3-progesterone (30 000 dpm) were applied via a fine 27 G injection needle into the largest three follicles of the ipsi-lateral ovary prior to ovulation (34-36 h after hCG). The oviducts were flushed following ovario-salpingectomy 42-44 h after hCG. All follicles had ovulated. The oviductal flushings and oviductal and ovarian tissue were analysed for labelled progesterone. No differences were measured in the content of 3H-progesterone of oviductal flushings and of both oviductal and ovarian tissues between the ipsi-lateral injection and contralateral control sides. The main part of the counts detected was within the range of background dpm values. Only 2.4% of the initial counts were recovered from fluid and tissue samples. Experiment 3. In a subsequent study FF was cautiously aspirated by endoscopy from follicles of the ipsi-lateral ovary 34-36h after hCG (n = 12 gilts). Postovulatory (58 h after hCG), both oviducts were flushed and the oocytes were recovered. To test the influence of follicle puncture alone on the process of ovulation (n = 8 gilts), the aspiration needle alone was pricked into the follicles of the ipsi-lateral ovary, without any fluid aspiration. Despite the cautious aspiration of FF from 89 follicles, 26 oocytes were recovered together with the FF. Eighty-six postovulatory follicles were observed on the ipsilateral ovary. Out of 57 oocytes able to reach the oviduct, 29 oocytes were flushed from the oviduct (50.4 +/- 28.1%). From the contra-lateral control oviduct 71 oocytes out of 91 ovulations (69.0 +/- 33.9%) were recaptured. Puncture of follicles without aspiration did not influence ovulation compared with the control (recovery rate 68.2 and 79.6%, respectively). Results indicate (1) on the basis of the low progesterone level within the oviductal fluid that only a small amount of FF seems to reach the oviduct at ovulation, and (2) FF does not appear to be a compulsory carrier of the porcine oocyte at ovulation.