Z-dependence and collective analysis of M x-ray production cross sections for a wide range of elements (60≤Z≤90) by proton impact

Based on the remarkable spread of the ratios of the experimental to theoretical M-shell x-ray production cross section, where they are usually analyzed by a function depending only on the scaled velocity parameter, we attempt to deduce new semi-empirical cross sections by introducing the dependence of these ratios on the atomic number of the target, noted as "Z-dependence". For this effect, the ECPSSR model and the updated experimental data (from 1980 till 2009) of the M-shell x-ray production cross sections are combined to calculate the semi-empirical cross sections for a wide range of heavy elements (60 <= Z <= 90) by proton impact A brief discussion of the agreement between our results and earlier theoretical as well as experimental works has been demonstrated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.