Dynamic multi-resolution modeling of power super capacitor

This paper presents an approach of implementing the dynamic multi-resolution power super capacitor model in the Virtual Test Bed (VTB), a platform for complex system simulation and prototyping. The new model is an extension of the multi-order RLC circuit models and has the ability of switching between different orders dynamically during simulation. The higher-order model has better fidelity, however, its complicated representation and convergence-required smaller time step plague the speed. Unlike some traditional methods, neither the system state space equations nor the local integration error is required to determine the simulation order; instead, the model output derivative is employed here to trigger the switch. Energy conservation law is applied to guarantee the consistency of the switch. The model is validated by its application in the simulation of an electric vehicle system; the results show that the total simulation execution time can be reduced by sixty percent, with less than one percent accuracy loss.