c-axis orientation and piezoelectric coefficients of AlN thin films sputter-deposited on titanium bottom electrodes

Aluminum nitride (AlN) reactively sputter deposited from an aluminum target is an interesting compound material due to its CMOS compatible fabrication process and its piezoelectric properties. To obtain high piezoelectric coefficients it is a necessary pre-request to synthesize films with c-axis orientation. Besides the influence of sputter conditions on the microstructure of AlN thin films the condition of the substrate surface is another important factor of utmost importance. In this study, the influence of 350 nm thick titanium metallization DC sputter-deposited on SiO2/Si substrates at varying back pressure levels b(p,Ti) in the range of 2x10(-3) to 14x10(-3) mbar on the c-axis orientation and the piezoelectric coefficients of 600 nm thick AlN thin films is investigated. Besides the plasma power for Ti deposition (P-p,P-Ti = 100 W) the parameters for AlN synthetization are fixed to P-p = 1000 W and b(p,AlN) = 4 x 10(-3) mbar in 100% N-2 atmosphere. Basically, the surface roughness of the Ti bottom layer is the dominating factor resulting either in a high degree of c-axis orientation (i.e. at low b(p,Ti) values) or in an amorphous AlN microstructure (i.e. at high b(p,Ti) values). Under low pressure conditions, a smooth and dense surface characteristics is achieved due to a higher kinetic energy associated with the adatoms what is especially important at nominally unheated substrate conditions. The piezoelectric coefficient d(33) decreases from 2.55 to 1.7 pm(-1) when increasing the titanium sputter pressure from 2x10(-3) to 14x10(-3) mbar. When decreasing the Ti film thickness to 60 nm and hence, reducing the root mean square roughness by a factor of about 2, the intensity associated with the AlN (0 0 2) peak is increased by a factor of about 1.7 demonstrating the direct impact. Furthermore, the highest values for d(33) and d(31) (i.e. 3.15 pm V-1 and -1.28 pm V-1) are determined. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.