Mode of action framework analysis for receptor-mediated toxicity: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) as a case study

被引：170

作者：

Corton, J. Christopher ^{[1
]}

Cunningham, Michael L. ^{[2
]}

Hummer, B. Timothy ^{[3
]}

Lau, Christopher ^{[1
]}

Meek, Bette ^{[4
]}

Peters, Jeffrey M. ^{[5
]}

Popp, James A. ^{[6
]}

Rhomberg, Lorenz ^{[7
]}

Seed, Jennifer ^{[1
]}

Klaunig, James E. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA

[2] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA

[3] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA

[4] Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada

[5] Penn State Univ, Ctr Mol Toxicol & Carcinogenesis, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[6] Stratoxon LLC, Lancaster, PA USA

[7] Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[8] Indiana Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA

来源：

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY | 2014年 / 44卷 / 01期

关键词：

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); human relevancy framework; key events; liver cancer; mode of action; NF-kB; oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha); NF-KAPPA-B; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; CIPROFIBRATE-INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; TRANSFERASE TRANSPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; PUTATIVE PRENEOPLASTIC CELLS; MOUSE HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS;

D O I：

10.3109/10408444.2013.835784

中图分类号：

R99 [毒物学（毒理学）];

学科分类号：

100405 ;

摘要：

Several therapeutic agents and industrial chemicals induce liver tumors in rodents through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). The cellular and molecular events by which PPAR alpha activators induce rodent hepatocarcinogenesis has been extensively studied and elucidated. This review summarizes the weight of evidence relevant to the hypothesized mode of action (MOA) for PPAR alpha activator-induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis and identifies gaps in our knowledge of this MOA. Chemical-specific and mechanistic data support concordance of temporal and dose-response relationships for the key events associated with many PPAR alpha activators including a phthalate ester plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the drug gemfibrozil. While biologically plausible in humans, the hypothesized key events in the rodent MOA, for PPAR alpha activators, are unlikely to induce liver tumors in humans because of toxicodynamic and biological differences in responses. This conclusion is based on minimal or no effects observed on growth pathways, hepatocellular proliferation and liver tumors in humans and/or species (including hamsters, guinea pigs and cynomolgous monkeys) that are more appropriate human surrogates than mice and rats at overlapping dose levels. Overall, the panel concluded that significant quantitative differences in PPAR alpha activator-induced effects related to liver cancer formation exist between rodents and humans. On the basis of these quantitative differences, most of the workgroup felt that the rodent MOA is "not relevant to humans'' with the remaining members concluding that the MOA is "unlikely to be relevant to humans''. The two groups differed in their level of confidence based on perceived limitations of the quantitative and mechanistic knowledge of the species differences, which for some panel members strongly supports but cannot preclude the absence of effects under unlikely exposure scenarios.

引用

页码：1 / 49

页数：49

共 383 条

[71] Effects of the PPARα Agonist and Widely Used Antihyperlipidemic Drug Gemfibrozil on Hepatic Toxicity and Lipid Metabolism [J].