Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the silicate-carbonate mineral carletonite - KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(OH,F)•H2O

An assessment of the molecular structure of carletonite a rare phyllosilicate mineral with general chemical formula given as KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)(4)(OH,F)center dot H2O has been undertaken using vibrational spectroscopy. Carletonite has a complex layered structure. Within one period of c, it contains a silicate layer of composition NaKSi8O18 center dot H2O, a carbonate layer of composition NaCO3 center dot 0.5H(2)O and two carbonate layers of composition NaCa2CO3(F,OH)(0.5). Raman bands are observed at 1066, 1075 and 1086 cm(-1). Whether these bands are due to the CO32- v(1) symmetric stretching mode or to an SiO stretching vibration is open to question. Multiple bands are observed in the 300-800 cm(-1) spectral region, making the attribution of these bands difficult. Multiple water stretching and bending modes are observed showing that there is much variation in hydrogen bonding between water and the silicate and carbonate surfaces. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.