THCCOOH concentrations in whole blood: Are they useful in discriminating occasional from heavy smokers?

被引:23
作者
Fabritius, Marie [1 ,2 ]
Favrat, Bernard [3 ,4 ]
Chtioui, Haithem [5 ]
Battistella, Giovanni [6 ]
Annoni, Jean-Marie [7 ]
Appenzeller, Monique [5 ]
Dao, Kim [5 ]
Fornari, Eleonora [6 ,8 ]
Lauer, Estelle [1 ,2 ]
Mall, Jean-Frederic [9 ]
Maeder, Philippe [6 ]
Mangin, Patrice [1 ,2 ]
Staub, Christian [1 ,2 ]
Giroud, Christian [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] CURML Univ Ctr Legal Med, UTCF Forens Toxicol & Chem Unit, Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] CURML Univ Ctr Legal Med, UTCF Forens Toxicol & Chem Unit, Geneva, Switzerland
[3] CURML Univ Ctr Legal Med, UMPT Unit Psychol & Traff Med, Lausanne, Switzerland
[4] CURML Univ Ctr Legal Med, UMPT Unit Psychol & Traff Med, Geneva, Switzerland
[5] Ctr Hosp Univ Vaudois CHUV, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Lausanne, Switzerland
[6] Ctr Hosp Univ Vaudois CHUV, Dept Radiol, Lausanne, Switzerland
[7] Univ Fribourg, Dept Med, Neurol Unit, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
[8] CIBM Ctr Imagerie BioMed, Ctr Hosp Univ Vaudois CHUV Unit, Lausanne, Switzerland
[9] Ctr Hosp Univ Vaudois CHUV, Dept Psychiat, SUPAA Serv Univ Psychiat Age Avance, Lausanne, Switzerland
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
THCCOOH; cannabis; whole blood; heavy use; occasional use; CANNABINOID CONCENTRATIONS; 11-NOR-DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL-9-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ORAL FLUID; HAIR; PLASMA; DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SMOKING; SAMPLES; SERUM;
D O I
10.1002/dta.1581
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Some forensic and clinical circumstances require knowledge of the frequency of drug use. Care of the patient, administrative, and legal consequences will be different if the subject is a regular or an occasional cannabis smoker. To this end, 11-nor-9-carboxy-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) has been proposed as a criterion to help to distinguish between these two groups of users. However, to date this indicator has not been adequately assessed under experimental conditions. We carried out a controlled administration study of smoked cannabis with a placebo. Cannabinoid levels were determined in whole blood using tandem mass spectrometry. Significantly high differences in THCCOOH concentrations were found between the two groups when measured during the screening visit, prior to the smoking session, and throughout the day of the experiment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined and two threshold criteria were proposed in order to distinguish between these groups: a free THCCOOH concentration below 3 mu g/L suggested an occasional consumption ( 1 joint/week) while a concentration higher than 40 mu g/L corresponded to a heavy use ( 10 joints/month). These thresholds were tested and found to be consistent with previously published experimental data. The decision threshold of 40 mu g/L could be a cut-off for possible disqualification for driving while under the influence of cannabis. A further medical assessment and follow-up would be necessary for the reissuing of a driving license once abstinence from cannabis has been demonstrated. A THCCOOH level below 3 mu g/L would indicate that no medical assessment is required. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:155 / 163
页数:9
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