Tinnitus in the older adult - Epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options

被引:91
作者
Ahmad, N [1 ]
Seidman, M [1 ]
机构
[1] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Div Otol & Neurotol, Detroit, MI 48327 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2165/00002512-200421050-00002
中图分类号
R592 [老年病学]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 100203 ;
摘要
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an apparent acoustic stimulus. More than 35 million Americans experience tinnitus, with 2-3 million severely debilitated by this distressing symptom. The prevalence increases with age and there is a high incidence associated with both noise-induced and age-related hearing loss. Although there are several theories regarding the pathophysiology of tinnitus, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. The most compelling of these is the hypothesis that tinnitus occurs as a result of spontaneous and aberrant neural activity at any level along the auditory axis, even after cochlear nerve transection or labyrinthine ablation. There are numerous aetiologies associated with tinnitus. Tinnitus, in clinical practice, is characterised as either objective or subjective. The distinction is relevant in terms of both aetiology and treatment. Despite a large number of therapeutic interventions and studies claiming success in treating tinnitus, a cure remains elusive. However, there are several potential treatment options that offer patients varying degrees of symptomatic improvement and enhanced quality of life. It is imperative to formulate a rational and systematic approach in evaluating an older adult with tinnitus. An individualised treatment regimen and the creation of a strong therapeutic relationship are the hallmarks of successful management of the patient with tinnitus.
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页码:297 / 305
页数:9
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