Regeneration Patterns of European Oak Species (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus robur L.) in Dependence of Environment and Neighborhood

被引:110
作者
Annighoefer, Peter [1 ]
Beckschaefer, Philip [2 ]
Vor, Torsten [1 ]
Ammer, Christian [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Gottingen, Dept Silviculture & Forest Ecol Temperate Zones, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[2] Univ Gottingen, Chair Forest Inventory & Remote Sensing, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
关键词
AFFECTING NATURAL REGENERATION; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L; FOREST MANAGEMENT; OVERSTORY DENSITY; SITE PREPARATION; WATER RELATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EARLY GROWTH; NORTH WALES; SEEDLINGS;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0134935
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Quercus robur L. (pedunculate oak) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak) are two European oak species of great economic and ecological importance. Even though both oaks have wide ecological amplitudes of suitable growing conditions, forests dominated by oaks often fail to regenerate naturally. The regeneration performance of both oak species is assumed to be subject to a variety of variables that interact with one another in complex ways. The novel approach of this research was to study the effect of many ecological variables on the regeneration performance of both oak species together and identify key variables and interactions for different development stages of the oak regeneration on a large scale in the field. For this purpose, overstory and regeneration inventories were conducted in oak dominated forests throughout southern Germany and paired with data on browsing, soil, and light availability. The study was able to verify the assumption that the occurrence of oak regeneration depends on a set of variables and their interactions. Specifically, combinations of site and stand specific variables such as light availability, soil pH and iron content on the one hand, and basal area and species composition of the overstory on the other hand. Also browsing pressure was related to oak abundance. The results also show that the importance of variables and their combinations differs among the development stages of the regeneration. Light availability becomes more important during later development stages, whereas the number of oaks in the overstory is important during early development stages. We conclude that successful natural oak regeneration is more likely to be achieved on sites with lower fertility and requires constantly controlling overstory density. Initially sufficient mature oaks in the overstory should be ensured. In later stages, overstory density should be reduced continuously to meet the increasing light demand of oak seedlings and saplings.
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页数:16
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