COVID-19 Lockdown: Housing Built Environment's Effects on Mental Health

被引:307
作者
Amerio, Andrea [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Brambilla, Andrea [4 ]
Morganti, Alessandro [4 ]
Aguglia, Andrea [1 ,2 ]
Bianchi, Davide [1 ,2 ]
Santi, Francesca [1 ,2 ]
Costantini, Luigi [5 ]
Odone, Anna [6 ,7 ,8 ]
Costanza, Alessandra [9 ,10 ]
Signorelli, Carlo [6 ]
Serafini, Gianluca [1 ,2 ]
Amore, Mario [1 ,2 ]
Capolongo, Stefano [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Genoa, Dept Neurosci Rehabil Ophthalmol Genet Maternal &, Sect Psychiat, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
[2] IRCCS Osped Policlin San Martino, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
[3] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA
[4] Politecn Milan, Design & Hlth Lab, Dept Architecture Built Environm & Construct Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[5] Univ Parma, Dept Med & Surg, I-43121 Parma, Italy
[6] Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Sch Med, I-20132 Milan, Italy
[7] IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst, Clin Epidemiol, I-20132 Milan, Italy
[8] IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst, HTA, I-20132 Milan, Italy
[9] Univ Geneva UNIGE, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, CH-1206 Geneva, Switzerland
[10] ASO Santi Antonio & Biagio & Cesare Arrigo Hosp, Dept Psychiat, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
关键词
COVID-19; lockdown; housing built environment; mental health; evidence-based design; GREEN SPACE; STRESS; QUARANTINE; RECOVERY;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph17165973
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 11 March, severe lockdown measures have been adopted by the Italian Government. For over two months of stay-at-home orders, houses became the only place where people slept, ate, worked, practiced sports, and socialized. As consolidated evidence exists on housing as a determinant of health, it is of great interest to explore the impact that COVID-19 response-related lockdown measures have had on mental health and well-being. We conducted a large web-based survey on 8177 students from a university institute in Milan, Northern Italy, one of the regions most heavily hit by the pandemic in Europe. As emerged from our analysis, poor housing is associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms during lockdown. In particular, living in apartments <60 m(2)with poor views and scarce indoor quality is associated with, respectively, 1.31 (95% CI: 1046-1637), 1.368 (95% CI: 1166-1605), and 2.253 (95% CI: 1918-2647) times the risk of moderate-severe and severe depressive symptoms. Subjects reporting worsened working performance from home were over four times more likely to also report depression (OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 3713-4924). Housing design strategies should focus on larger and more livable living spaces facing green areas. We argue that a strengthened multi-interdisciplinary approach, involving urban planning, public mental health, environmental health, epidemiology, and sociology, is needed to investigate the effects of the built environment on mental health, so as to inform welfare and housing policies centered on population well-being.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 10
页数:10
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